International Coffee Day 2020: All you need to know about Coffee

Photo used for representational purposes.

International Coffee Day is observed on October 1 every year. Established by the International Coffee Organisation (ICO), the day is a celebration of the industry and the love people have for coffee. One single day is by no means enough to cherish a beverage that has gained cult status across the globe. Coffee has become an indispensible part of our work schedules and social engagements.

Ever wondered what it is it that makes us feel so good? Why can't some of us function without our steaming cup of goodness in the morning? How does it affect our brain and sleep cycle? This International Coffee Day, we spoke to Consulting Registered Nutritionist Ishitaa Bhatia to help us demystify our love affair with coffee and answer many such questions.

What's Coffee made up of?

Coffee is one of the most common beverages consumed in the world. This complex drink contains over 1000 compounds, many of which are not yet identified. Its main component, caffeine acts as a stimulant. In addition to caffeine, other compounds such as chlorigenic acids have shown to be powerful antioxidants in laboratory tests. However, it is still unclear how strong the activity of these antioxidants is once they have been completely metabolised in the human body. The process of roasting the coffee bean has shown to significantly decrease chlorigenic acid content- although interestingly compounds released from this breakdown (such as caffeic acid) are antioxidants in their own right. Other antioxidant compounds found in coffee are lignans, tannins, and anthocyanins, albeit in lesser amounts than chlorigenic acids. There is some evidence also pointing to coffee being hepatoprotective (beneficial for the liver). Coffee has also shown to prevent long-term cognitive decline in study populations.

What is the ‘Caffeine kick'? Does it give us energy?

"It does not provide energy, although when caffeine is ingested- it acts on the brain. Caffeine blocks certain receptors that promote sleepiness and promote dopamine. This in turn has a ‘mood enhancing' and stimulatory effect on us. So this is where the extra ‘caffeine kick' comes from, not because it provides energy in the form of calories," explained Ishitaa. We must remember that caffeine is not only present in coffee, but also in tea, energy drinks, colas, cocoa, chocolates, and some medications.

How does Caffeine affect our Brain?

Caffeine is rapidly absorbed in the bloodstream after ingestion, and freely crosses the blood-brain and placental barriers. In the brain, it inhibits the adenosine A1 and A2A receptors. The outcomes of this are twofold. First, there is an increase in excitatory neurotransmitters (chemical messengers) such as dopamine, which attribute to increased alertness, focus, and arousal. Second, its blockade reduces sleepiness.