City residents more prone to hyperpigmentation: Experts recommend home remedies

Cosmetic products like concealers and colour correctors are magic wands that help us hide dark patches and other kinds of skin discolourations, dark circles, acne and blemishes. However, these little premium sticks and tubes are temporary fixes and far from treating the skin condition from its roots. Dark patches that gradually develop on our faces are a case of hyperpigmentation.

Skin experts say, hyperpigmentation mostly affects people who reside in urban areas. While hyperpigmentation may seem like a minor skin condition, it is essential to treat it in time to avoid severe skin diseases.

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If you have been profusely looking for tips to get rid of those dark patches sitting on your face, we have skin gurus dishing out skin-friendly tips to help you manage hyperpigmentation effectively.

Causes of hyperpigmentation

Dr Rinky Kapoor, consultant dermatologist, cosmetic dermatologist and dermato-surgeon, The Esthetic Clinics, says, "Dark spots or patches on the face, also known as hyperpigmentation, can be caused by various factors including overexposure to the sun, hormonal imbalances, especially during pregnancies, certain medications, genetic factors and skin injuries. Pigmentation refers to discolouration on your face. One common abnormality that leads to darkening of the skin is excessive melanin production."

Melanin is a pigment that gives skin its colour, and when produced in excess due to factors like sun exposure or hormonal changes, it can result in dark spots on the face. Hyperpigmentation is an extension of this skin condition that further leads to darkening of the skin or forms of dark spots.

Dr Dinyar Workingboxwalla, skin guru, Beauty by BiE elucidates, "Hyperpigmentation is becoming more prevalent among urban individuals. The primary reasons behind this trend are the rise in environmental pollutants, heightened stress levels, and lifestyle factors typical of urban living."

He goes on to state, "Exposure to pollution can lead to oxidative stress on the skin, which can contribute to hyperpigmentation. Moreover, urban dwellers often face high levels of stress due to fast-paced lifestyles, which can disrupt hormonal balance and exacerbate skin issues. Unhealthy habits like smoking, inadequate sleep, and poor diet further aggravate pigmentation problems. Additionally, urban individuals tend to spend more time outdoors, increasing their exposure to harmful UV rays without proper sun protection, leading to sun-induced hyperpigmentation. Overall, the combination of these factors makes hyperpigmentation increasingly common among urban populations."

Other reasons for dark patches on the face

Although hyperpigmentation is the most common cause of dark patches developing on the skin, there can be other conditions too behind this. These include:

1. Melasma: Also known as chloasma, melasma is a skin condition that appears on the chin, forehead, upper lip and cheeks. It is most commonly detected in pregnant women or people facing hormonal changes.

2. Age spots: Also known as sun spots, they are flat brown spots, typically found on those areas of the face or body that are overtly exposed to sunlight and lead to chronic sun damage.

3. Tinea versicolor (Pityriasis versicolor): This fungal infection causes patches on the skin to become lighter or darker than the surrounding area.

Other conditions such as acne or eczema can also trigger this response in the skin, causing dark spots that may take time to fade.

Medical treatment for hyperpigmentation

Dermatological treatments for dark patches involve a combination of therapies to effectively manage and lighten the areas of discolouration.

Kapoor shares, "Medical treatment options for this condition typically include topical creams containing ingredients such as hydroquinone, retinoids, vitamin C and corticosteroids which help in regulating melanin production in the skin. Even, chemical peels or laser therapies may also be recommended by dermatologists to reduce the appearance of dark patches."

Additionally, Workingboxwalla also lists microdermabrasion and light therapy as treatments for hyperpigmentation. "Microdermabrasion is a minimally abrasive technique that removes the top layer of skin to even skin tone. Light therapy is an intense pulsed light (IPL) therapy that can target pigment-producing cells and lighten dark patches."

Home remedies for effective management of hyperpigmentation

"While hyperpigmentation can be addressed by in-office procedures, there's a treasure trove of home remedies at your disposal. Think of it as a natural first-aid kit for your skin. However, remember consistency is key," says Workingboxwalla.

These remedies, as suggested by the skin guru, work best when incorporated into your daily routine:

1. Natural lighteners: Aloe vera gel, buttermilk, and yoghurt are all rich in lactic acid, which gently exfoliates and brightens.

2. Antioxidant power: Green tea boasts incredible anti-inflammatory and lightening properties. Soak a cotton pad and swipe it across affected areas.

3. Sun protection: This is non-negotiable. Daily sunscreen with SPF 30 or 35 is your best defence against worsening pigmentation.

Be it medical treatments or home remedies, it takes time to see the desired results. Skin experts hail consistency and patience as key to treating any skin or cosmetic condition. Kapoor states, " Factors such as skin type, the severity of discolouration, and the chosen treatment approach all play significant roles in determining the timeline for achieving clear skin. It's essential to understand that quick fixes are often temporary solutions that may not yield lasting results. Instead, adopting a holistic approach that combines skincare products with lifestyle changes like wearing sunscreen daily, maintaining a healthy diet, and managing stress levels can accelerate the fading process of dark patches."

Adding to this Workingboxwalla says, "It typically takes several weeks to a few months to fade dark patches on the skin, depending on various factors such as the cause of the pigmentation, skincare regimen, and individual skin response. Consistent use of targeted treatments, along with sun protection, can expedite the process. Always consult with a dermatologist for personalised advice."

Serious repercussions of ignoring the conditions

If left untreated or ignored, dark patches on the skin can potentially lead to serious consequences. Apart from being a cosmetic concern, these dark spots could indicate underlying health issues such as hormonal imbalances or skin disorders.

Kapoor says, "Ignoring these patches may increase pigmentation, making them more difficult to lighten over time. Some dark patches may be precancerous lesions that require immediate medical attention. By neglecting to address these spots promptly, individuals are putting themselves at risk of developing skin cancer. Early detection and treatment are crucial in preventing further complications and ensuring optimal health."

Seconding Kapoor, Workingboxwalla too says, "If left untreated or ignored, dark patches can lead to worsening hyperpigmentation, increased risk of skin cancer, and long-lasting damage to the skin's texture and tone. It's crucial to address dark patches promptly to prevent further complications and maintain healthy skin. Always prioritise your skin health and seek professional advice if needed."

Homemade masks for hyperpigmentation

By Kapoor:

1. Turmeric and yoghurt mask:

To make this pack, mix a teaspoon of turmeric powder with two tablespoons of plain yogurt. Apply the thick paste to your face and leave it on for 15-20 minutes before rinsing off with warm water.

Turmeric has natural skin-lightening properties, while yogurt helps in moisturising and soothing the skin and manages hyperpigmentation.

2. Oatmeal and honey scrub:

Make this scrub by mixing a tablespoon of ground oats with one tablespoon of honey.

Massage it onto damp skin in circular motions for a few minutes before washing it off with lukewarm water.

Oatmeal gently exfoliates the skin, removing dead cells that can contribute to hyper-pigmentation, while honey acts as a natural humectant that keeps the skin nourished.

By Workingboxwalla:

1. Lemon and honey face pack:

In a small bowl, mix a tablespoon of lemon juice and honey. Apply the mixture to the affected areas and leave it on for 10-15 minutes. Rinse off with lukewarm water.

Lemon juice contains vitamin C which helps brighten the skin and fade dark spots.

Honey has antibacterial properties and helps moisturise the skin, promoting healing and reducing inflammation.

2. Aloe vera and cucumber face pack:

For making this face pack, use two tablespoons of aloe vera gel and a tablespoon of cucumber juice. Mix aloe vera gel and cucumber juice until well combined. Apply the mixture to the face and leave it on for 15-20 minutes. Rinse off with cool water.

Aloe vera has soothing and healing properties that help reduce inflammation and promote skin regeneration, aiding in fading dark spots. Cucumber juice contains antioxidants and silica, which help lighten pigmentation and hydrate the skin, giving it a refreshed appearance.

Besides these topical remedies, focus on other lifestyle factors such as diet and stress management as they too play a significant role in managing this condition.

Common mistakes to avoid

Lastly, both Kapoor and Workingboxwalla suggest certain mistakes you must avoid making in the process of your skincare.

1. Over-exfoliating: Excessive exfoliation can strip the skin of its natural oils, leading to irritation and dryness. Stick to exfoliating 2-3 times a week. Also, opt for gentle exfoliants.

2. Skipping sunscreen: Neglecting sunscreen can result in premature ageing, hyperpigmentation, and increased risk of skin cancer. Apply sunscreen daily, even on cloudy days. Look for sunscreen with at least SPF 30 and reapply throughout the day, especially if you're spending extended time outdoors.

3. Using harsh products: Harsh cleansers or skincare products can disrupt the skin's pH balance and cause irritation. Opt for gentle, pH-balanced formulas suitable for your skin type. Further, Using skincare products that are not suitable for your skin type can worsen existing concerns or cause new issues to arise. Take the time to understand your skin's specific needs - whether it's oily, dry, sensitive, or combination, and choose products formulated to address those concerns.

4. Picking blemishes: Picking blemishes can worsen inflammation, increase the risk of scarring, and spread bacteria. Resist the urge to pick and instead treat blemishes with targeted spot treatments.

5. Neglecting hydration: Dehydrated skin is more prone to fine lines, dullness, and irritation. Drink plenty of water and use a moisturiser to keep the skin hydrated and supple.

You can maintain healthy, glowing skin by avoiding these common mistakes and adopting a consistent skincare routine tailored to your skin's needs.

Consulting with a dermatologist can also help determine the best skincare routine tailored to your needs.

Disclaimer: This information does not replace professional medical advice. Consult a qualified specialist or your physician for personalised guidance.