1. Nature of the Virus

HMPV is not a new virus nor does it have an unprecedented health threat as a self-limiting respiratory virus. The virus is always present in the atmosphere. (Pic/Freepik)

2. Infection characteristics

The virus has a low fatality rate and it primarily affects young children, elderly individuals or people with serious underlying illnesses.

3. Symptoms and their progression

The virus doesn’t have specific symptoms, resembling other causes of the common cold or sore throat (pharyngitis). 
Typical symptoms follow a predictable 4-day pattern:

Day 1: Severe symptoms
Day 2: Moderate intensity
Day 3: Mild condition
Day 4: Near-normal condition

(Pic/iStock)

4. Transmission and immunity

HMPV spreads through respiratory droplets and mildly symptomatic carriers can transmit the virus. Immunity of affected individuals post-infection is weak and short-lived.

5. Government and medical response

Maharashtra has placed all medical colleges and state-run hospitals on alert regarding the spread of the HMPV virus, however, no panic measures or lockdowns are planned. Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) in the states is to be issued soon.

6. Prevention strategies

Recommended precautions include:
a. Covering mouth while coughing/sneezing
b. Frequent hand washing
c. Using hand sanitizers
d. Avoiding crowded spaces
e. Optional mask-wearing during cold season

7. Treatment Approach

It is important to note that most cases do not require hospitalisation and antibiotics are used only for secondary bacterial infections. A respiratory BioFire test (Rs 25,000 to Rs 30,000) is available for detailed diagnosis.

8. Comparison with COVID-19

Significantly different from COVID-19
The much lower risk profile
No pandemic potential
No widespread public health emergency anticipated

9.  Infant and child considerations

Newborns (0-8 months) are naturally protected by maternal immunity, whereas infants over nine months are relatively more vulnerable. 

10. Expert recommendations

Medical professionals advise:
a. Do not panic
b. Monitor symptoms at home
c. Seek medical help if symptoms persist beyond 2-3 days
d. Maintain balanced nutrition
e. Allow natural immune response

(Pic/Freepik)