A top European Union official warned Elon Musk on Wednesday that Twitter needs to beef up measures to protect users from hate speech, misinformation and other harmful content to avoid violating new rules that threaten tech giants with big fines or even a ban in the 27-nation bloc.

Thierry Breton, EU’s commissioner for digital policy, told Musk the social media platform will have to significantly increase efforts to comply with new rules, known as the Digital Services Act, set to take effect next year.