Indonesia on Friday began enforcing its newly ratified penal code, replacing a Dutch-era criminal law that governed the country for more than 80 years.

Since proclaiming independence in 1945, the Southeast Asian country had continued to operate under a colonial framework widely criticised as outdated and misaligned with Indonesia’s social values. Efforts to revise the code stalled for decades as lawmakers debated how to balance human rights, religious norms and local traditions in the world’s most populous Muslim-majority nation.