Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition characterized by inflammation and narrowing of the airways, leading to symptoms such as wheezing, coughing, chest tightness, and shortness of breath. Affecting more than 300 million people worldwide, asthma is a significant public health concern that can severely impact an individual's quality of life if not properly managed. Although the exact cause of asthma is multifactorial—ranging from genetic predisposition to environmental triggers—the underlying mechanisms involve immune system dysregulation, airway hyperresponsiveness, and chronic inflammation.

Conventional asthma treatment usually includes inhaled corticosteroids, bronchodilators, leukotriene modifiers, and biologic agents targeting specific immune pathways like IgE or interleukin-5. These therapies help control inflammation, relax airway muscles, and reduce the frequency and severity of attacks. While these medications are effective for many patients, they often require lifelong use and do not fully address the systemic factors contributing to asthma progression.