On November 15, Mumbai achieved the dubious distinction of its air quality falling lower than Delhi’s, a region that is notorious for its high air pollution levels and smog, especially in winter. On that day, Colaba recorded an AQI of 345, while Delhi’s was 331. During this period, Mumbai saw a three-fold increase in the particulate matter or pollutants level per meter of cubic air. Exposure to such pollutants over time poses multiple health hazards. “The most harmful is the PM2.5 particle that penetrates deep into lung pathways and can even enter the bloodstream, gaining access to any organ. This can result in irritation in the eyes, nose and throat, coughing, chest tightness, respiratory and cardiovascular illnesses from exposure to particulate matter, and bronchitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (symptoms include cough and breathlessness). The worsening condition of the lungs and their accelerated ageing can lead to reduced lung function and capacity. Asthma, bronchitis, emphysema, and even lung cancer may develop due to these pollutants. Further, heart diseases may develop into congestive heart failure while those with pre-existing respiratory ailments may further get Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD),” warns Dr Prashant Chhajed, director – pulmonology at Fortis Hiranandani Hospital in Vashi.  

“We notice a rise in hospital admissions and emergency visits due to exacerbations of underlying respiratory diseases. Poor air quality is especially more harmful to individuals who have suffered from COVID-19, since their lung function is already compromised. In fact, air pollution can be as damaging to the respiratory system as passive smoking,” adds Dr Prajay J Lunia, a consultant chest physician and interventional pulmonologist at AXIS Hospital.